Nowadays, people's accessories are more and more exaggerated, gorgeous, dazzling, however, the decoration of luxury, before a set of 3, 000 years ago, a set of jade, will be dull.
In the general sense, any jade that is composed of two or more jade pieces (pieces) can be called "group pepe", also known as "miscellaneous pei". The earliest group of pedicle accessories, when belong to about 18,000 years ago Beijing mountain top cave man with stone bead, bone bead, animal tooth, sea shell and so on through the drill string together and become the decoration. The jade group of dawenkou culture has found more, and the liangzhu culture group is more delicate. These groups are probably more of a necklace.
In the early "royal cemetery" of the jin dynasty, there was a single wife's grave. Tomb was found in the cemetery's largest jade ritual vessels combination - a set of more than 2 meters long combination of super luxury group peja jade, it is composed of jade huang, jade plovers, strong teeth, jade pipe, pearl, agate and other precious jade, a total of 204 series, exquisite workmanship, grave and elegant, impressive. The number of jade Juan in the group is up to 45, which can be said that it has pushed the shape of the Chinese history of yupei to the extreme, and is regarded as the national treasure level cultural relic by archaeology.
What kind of lady is this, not only to be buried in the grave, but also to have such a luxurious burial? The mysterious identity of this lady, the jade ornaments that witnessed the millennium love, was especially favored by Chinese and foreign tourists who came to the shanxi museum.
Jade culture: the history of luxury of ancient people.
In the western zhou dynasty, there were larger groups, which were different in size and size according to different periods and levels. In shaanxi baoji zhuyuan ditch, the group pepe is the main body, with beads and tubes; Chang 'an zhangjiashan 58 tomb found that the group is the main body of the three, multiple pieces of beads, tube. The unit of the tomb of 31 is the main body of the six Juan, and the multiple beads. Also found in the tomb of guo guoguo cemetery in sanmenxia, henan province, was a group of seven Juan as the main body and multiple beads. The group, which is now hidden in the national treasure of shanxi museum, is the main body of the group, which is found in the tomb of tomb no. 91 of the tomb of quwo jinhou in Shanxi Province. So far, the largest western zhou group to be found is this one, which is the main body of 45 jade jujubes, the most versatile of the group to date.
In the spring and autumn period, the combination of the jade group tended to be simplified for the convenience of the wearing, and the large jade group quickly withdrew from the historical stage after the short-lived western zhou dynasty.
At that time, the jade group was a combination of politics, morality and superstition. Jade, jade ring, jade dragon, jade decoration and jade tube were all part of the jade group.
Large structures match the complicated group pepe, which is the clothing of the aristocracy for status and power. The higher the status of the tomb owner, the more complicated the structure of the group, the longer the length. This method is the beginning of the western zhou dynasty. Group page reflects the diverse and unified, forms an orderly, essence is "the ritual", is also a kind of order, such as ruler, with the jade, is based on its status, officer, varies from one's identity, pecking moderately, regulate heavily.
Although the contents of jade, such as the type, color and size of jade, may be different from the archaeological findings. But it can also be seen from the west zhou, the use of jade has become a political, institutionalized and ceremonial track. Large groups include the cultural characteristics of this area.
In addition, the original meaning of "propriety" in the western zhou dynasty lies in "harmony". Such as "yizhou book · degree of training" : "zhongfei and non - town, and non - zhongli, Chinese and non - propriety, lilly." The organic combination between the numerous accessories in the group is also the embodiment of this "sum" and "neutralization". The inner beauty of the group is reflected by the complexity of the unity of opposites in its structure.
Jade in the tomb of the jin dynasty --
There are thousands of jade articles unearthed in the tomb of jin hou, not only the largest number, but also the most exquisite.
Since 1992, shanxi quwu north zhao JinHouMu has successively excavation cleaned up 9 group of 19 jinhou and his wife's tomb, od s from the early years of the early western zhou dynasty to the spring and autumn period, unearthed jade thousands, in addition to the baldric jade, jade and etiquette and funeral with the jade and so on.
Jade jade cong, jade, jade food etiquette, jade tomahawk, jade qi, YuGe, etc. One of the animal face jade cong, with the four corners of the middle axis of the abstract animal face, the animal face is covered with yunlei lines, and the liangzhu cultural relic can be seen. The jade ornament and ornamentation are imitated from bronze and are the first to be found. Food dark green jade, small mouth round belly, epaulets phoenix bird patterns, epigastric embossment fire by four disc mesh between lines, lower abdomen act the role of triangle hanging leaf veins, Lao is only 6.2 cm.
In the tomb of jin hou, yuge was also used as a ceremonial soldier, 56 cm long, with teeth in the area, inscribed with the inscription of "the bow of the city", which is precious. The other person of the same tomb, the head of the first god animal, yugo, the long aid to the ridge, inside the two sides are decorated with one side of the face of the first god beast pattern. It is a rare piece of jade. It is a rare jade ware. Most of the jade pieces unearthed in the tomb of the jin dynasty are smaller and are used for wearing with other accessories.
The unearthed jade in the tomb of jinhou is not only the most numerous, but also the most exquisite. You take jade jade, dragon, tiger, bear, horse, cattle, sheep, deer, monkeys, birds, hawk, owl, cicadas, mantis, silkworm, snakes, turtles, fish, etc., rich subject matter, the category, modelling is vivid, recreate themselves. Like jade people, hair ornaments are composed of double dragon grain, jade person round face, thick eyebrow big eyes, broad nose flat mouth. Dressed in a turtleneck, with a short skirt on the right side of the collar, all of them were carved with cross diagonal stripes, waist and trapezium, with arrowheads in front of them. Carved jade horse, as static standing, the overall shape of the dissecting principle, with the double check Yin line moistening the body of the horse, emery cut and soft.
Witness love for three thousand years.
What kind of lady is this, not only to be buried in the grave, but also to have such a luxurious burial?
In the "royal cemetery" in the early jin dynasty, the nine groups of 19 jin hou and his wife's tomb were all monogamous except for the only one. The tomb of no. 62, 63 and 64 is the only one of the two wives in the tomb of jin. No. 64 is the tomb of his wife and his wife.
In the first lady's burial, the archaeologists found the largest combination of jade gift sets in the whole cemetery -- the jade group, which is more than 2 meters long and a superluxury combination. The complex structure, the combination of the structure, the exquisite decorative pattern, can not help the master to wear it in the face of the elegant appearance of the imagination.
The owner of the national treasure is a mysterious woman buried in the "royal cemetery" in the state of jin. In the western week of her life, the level was clear and the etiquette was strict. However, she was the only one in the tomb of a concubine who was buried as a concubine. More than 4,280 pieces were buried in this lady's grave, and more than 800 jade pieces were found in the tomb. Even yuge, as a symbol of power at the time, had more than 12 pieces. The size of such a funeral, even his husband, jin mu hou, the grave of the grave is a lot less.
In the rich collection, this set of more than two meters of jade is the largest collection of jade gift sets unearthed in the whole cemetery. From the inscription of a pair of copper POTS, archaeologists have discovered the name Yang, presumably the owner of the tomb, the second wife of mu hou. According to the analysis of grammar habits at the time, this may be a woman from Yang's marriage to the state of jin.
In the hierarchical patriarchal society, how can one wife have so many high - class funeral products? Such lavish burial objects, let's raise the questions: what is this lady of a minor, not only can buried JinHouMu, also can have such a costly buried, up to now, this is still a mystery......